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Plato:
Philosophy
as “Training for Dying.”
The Human
Soul. The Meaning of Life:
Human
soul and religion
v
Myth in Plato
v
Religion and philosophy –
faith and reason
v
Orphism and the myth of Dionysius
v
Religious roots of dualistic
account of the human beings: soul as the divine element trying
to free itself from the earthly prison of the body; but also
soul as the principle of goodness as opposed to the body as
the principle of evil.
soul
as an ambiguous term
v
Meaning of soul in Plato’s
proofs (Phaedo)
v
Meaning of soul in Aristotle’s
proof (On the Soul, III, 4, 429a10-429b9)
v
Meaning of soul in Aquinas’s
proof (Summa Theologiae, I, q. 75, a. 2 c)
Philosophy
as “Training for Dying”
v
Philosophy as search for
wisdom
v
Philosophy as ancilla
theologiae
The
Soul and Plato’s Theory of knowledge
v
In the Phaedo, Plato’s theory
of knowledge is meant to support his proofs for the spirituality
and immortality of the soul
v
Theory of knowledge, some
basic principles:
-
Knowledge as possession of
a form
-
Similarity between the knower
(of which the known object is part) and the thing known
-
Not a destroying change in
the knower
-
Simultaneous actuality of
the knowing faculty and the known thing
-
The act of the known object
“as known” and of the act of the knower “as knowing it” are
one and the same act
Plato’s
proofs in the Phaedo
v
From the life-to-death and
the death-to-life cycles
v
From the Theory of recollection
v
Affinity argument
v
From the ideal opposites
(or from the form of life) |
