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ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY: THE EARLIEST BEGINNINGS
THE PRESOCRATICS
Explaining the universe
Ionians/Melisians
Thales:
water
Anaximander:
the infinite (indefinite, unlimited)
Anaximines:
air
Heraclitus:
fire
Pythagoras and Pythagoreans:
The One and the Dyad
Xenophanes:
one transcendent God
Eleatics
Parmenides:
The One-Being
Zeno:
impossibility of change, plurality, magnitude, etc.
Melissos:
The One-Being
Pluralists
Empedocles:
earth, air, fire, & water; love & strife
Anaxagoras:
Universal Mixture and Mind
Atomists
Democritus, Leucippus:
atoms and the void
THE SOPHISTS
Education for success
Protagoras:
“man is the measure of all things”
Gorgias:
the supremacy of rhetoric
Prodicus:
attention to language; utilitarianism
Socrates:
Can virtue be taught?
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